Fluid-pressure engine.



No. 741,782. .7 'PATENTED 001:. 20, 1903.

M. N. PORNEY,

- FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 2, 1903.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N0 MODEL.

WITN ESSE m: NORRIS PETERS ocnwofo-uwn. WASHINGTON, n. c

PATENTED OCT. 20, 1903.

M. N. PORNEY.

FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 2. 90s.

a SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' N0 MODEL,

%77/ INl/ENTOR WITNESSES ATTORNEY THE uonms PEYERS co, mom-mum WASHINGTON, u c.

- PATENTED' ocT; 20. 1903;-

T No. 741,782.

M. N. QRNBY. FLUID; PRESSURE ENGINE.

APPLIUATION riLBn JULY 2,1!503.

30 MODEL.

1 i www WITN ESSES ATTORNEY No. wipes.

T" STATES iatented October 20, 1903.

VMATTYHIAS N. FORNEYQOF NEW YORK, N. Y.

.. FLUID-PRESSURE ENGINE.

SIECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 741,782, dated October 20, 1903.

Application filed July 2,1903. sealant. 164,047. (No model.)

to me under date of January 10,1893, and,

' is more particularly designed for application to compound steam-engines, but is applicable to other fluid-pressure and tobinary engines which are not compound; and its object is to facilitate and further improve the means whereby the reciprocating elements of engines of such character are made to counterbalance each other by a more convenient disposition of their parts, which results in a re ductionof cost of the engine, and, further, by locating the two cylinders in line one with the other, so that their axes are coincident.- The centers of gravity of theirtwo pistons then both traverse a common axis, and thus the disturbing action caused by their move ment in two difierentplanes is avoided.

The improvement claimed is hereinafter fully set forth.

In the compound engine set forth in Letters Patent No. 489,648 aforesaid the piston-rod of the low-pressure cylinder is directly connected to what is termed a primary lever,

which is in turn articulated to a pair of sec ondary levers, which oscillate in journals or trunnions supported in fixed bearings, the system of levers forming a parallel motion, which constrains the piston-rod to move in a straight line. In this construction the axes of the journals or trunnions of the secondary levers are in a plane which coincides with the axis of one of the cylinders, which is the line in which the center of its piston-rod moves. The piston-rod of the high-pressure piston is connected to the lower end of the secondary lever; but as these move in a path which is an arc of a circle to secure rectilineal movement of this piston-rod it requires to be and is shown as connected to the levers by means of a guide, cross-head, and short links. The other two cylinders are located with their axes in two planes some'distance apart, and consequently the movement of the pistons in opposite directions to each other exerts a turningaction in the. mechanism which to a certain extent is a source of disturbance.

Under my present invention the axes of the two cylinders are made coincident by locating the cylinders in line one with the other. The piston-rods of each cylinder are then connected to separate primary levers which are articulated to opposite ends of a pair of secondary levers, so that all the piston-rods are constrained to move in straight lines. By this means the guides, cross-head, and short connecting links of Patent No. 489,648 are wholly dispensed with, and as the centers of gravity of the two pistons move in the same line no turning action or consequent disturbance is exerted thereby.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical transverse central section through a vertical two-cylinder compound engine of the overhead marine type illustrating an embodiment of my invention, the cylinders being located in line one with-the other and therefore having a common axis; Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal central section through the same; and Figs. 3 and 4, horizontal sections on the lines a a. and b b, respectively, of Fig. 1. The drawings illustrate the application of my invention in a compound engine of the vertical overhead marine type, although it will be obvious that the cylinders may be located horizontally or in an inclined position, if desired. It will be understood, as has already been explained, that if the pistons of two cylinders which are in difierent planes are connected to a system of oscillating levers, so that the pistons move in relatively opposite directions, their opposite movements will exert a turning action on the mechanism, which is to a certain extent a source of inders being therefore coincident. ters of gravity of the pistons consequently traverse in the same straight line, and therefore when moving in opposite directions they do not exert any turning action on the mechanism or produce the disturbance before referred to. In order that the pistons may move in opposite directions, they are connected with the connecting-rod and crank-pin through the intermediation of an oscillatinglever system, the detailed features of which mechanism will now be explained.

The high-pressure cylinder 1 and the lowpressure cylinder 1, which is located above and axially coincides with the high-pressure cylinder, are secured to housings or standards 55, fixed upon a bed-plate 56, which supports the main bearing of the crankshaft 19 of the engine, a suitable head 1 being interposed between the two cylinders. The high-pressure cylinder is fitted with a piston 2 of the usual form, which is fixed upon a piston-rod 3, to the outer end of which is secured a forked head 48, which is coupled by a pin 15 to the inner arms of a pair of primary levers 7 7, these being two parallel lever-bars. The outer arms of the primary levers 7 7 are'coupled by a pin 9 to a radius-link or pair of radiuslinks 11 11, the opposite ends of which are coupled to a pin 10, fixed to the housings 55. The low-pressure cylinder 1 is fitted with a piston 2, which is fixed upon two piston-rods 3 3, projecting through suitable stuffing-boxes 1 1 and having their outer ends coupled by pins 15 15 to the inner arms of a pair of second primary levers 7 7. The outer arms of the second primary levers 7 are, similarly to those of the primary le- Vers 7, coupled by a pin 9 to a pair of radiuslinks 11 1P, the opposite ends of which are coupled to a pin 10, fixed to the housings 55. The primary levers 7 and second primary levers 7 are coupled intermediately of their ends to a pair of secondary levers 8 8,

.which are parallel lever-bars having central journals 13, fitting in fixed bearings 14, the swiveling connection of the secondary levers to the primary levers 7 being efiected by a pin 12 and that to the second primary levers by a pin 12". The main connecting-rod 4 is coupled at its upper end to the forked head 48 of the high-pressure piston-rod and to the primary levers 7 by the pin 15, and its lower end is coupled to the crank-pin 18 of the crank-shaft 19.

It will be obvious to those skilled in steamengine construction that two piston-rods are shown as employed in the upper low-pressure cylinder 1 for the purpose merely of equalizing the'stresses upon opposite sides of its center and that the ordinary expedient of a single piston-rod, passing out of the top of the cylinder and fixed to a cross-tail, from which two exterior connections extend to the ton-rod construction herein described and The cen-- an engine having two cylinders only, as.

three or more cylinders located one beyond the other with their axes on a common center line might, if desired, be employed, the pistons of two of the cylinders moving coincidently in one direction and the other piston or pistons moving in the opposite direction.

The operation of the high-pressure piston, piston-rod, and connecting-rod is similar to that of the corresponding parts in engines of the ordinary construction; but the pistonrods are constrained to move in straight lines by the system of oscillating levers, which constitutes a parallel motion. The low-pressure piston being connected by its two piston-rods to the second primary levers 7, the pressure exerted upon it is transmitted by said levers to the secondary levers 8 8 and by them to the primary lovers 7 7 and thence to the forked head 48, connecting-rod 4c, and crankpin 18. The levers are so proportioned that the inner ends of the primary levers and second primary levers move in substantially straight lines, and these levers serve as guides for the piston-rods or both the high and the low pressure cylinders.

Any suitable and preferred form of valve mechanism may be employed for admitting motive fluid to the high-pressure cylinder, conducting it thence to the low-pressure cylinder after it has exerted its pressure on the high-pressure piston, and finally exhausting it from the low-pressure cylinder afterit has been expanded and done its work therein. In the instance exemplified the high-pressure distribution-valve 25 and the low-pressure distribution-valve 25 are each of the end-admission piston type and control induction and eduction ports and passages of the ordinary form in the high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders, respectively. The valves 25 and 25 are fixed upon a common valve-stem 28 and are fitted to coincidently reciprocate therewith in a valve-chest 35", adjoining the cylinders, to which chest motive fluid is admitted through a supply-pipe 20 and from which it is finally exhausted through an ex haust'-pipe 23*: The valve-stem 28 passes through a stuffing-box in the valve-chest and is coupled at its outer end to one of the arms 32 of a double-armed rock-shaft 29, journaled in hearings on the housings 55. Movement may be imparted to the opposite arm 30 of the rock-shaft 29 by any suitable and preferred valve-gear, as a single eccentric, either fixed or. adjustable, or a pair of eccentrics and a shifting link. Mechanism for this purpose being familiar to those skilled in the art and not constituting in and of itself any part of my present invention, it is not herein in detail set forth.

As the connection of the two pistons with the oscillating-lever system requires them to work in opposite directions one to the other, the movement of one piston and its rod will exactly balance that of the other if they are of equal weight. I

lhe form of engine illustrated while more particularly designed for marine or stationary purposes may obviously beapplied to use in locomotive-engines or automobiles without variation of its operative principle.

I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a fluid-pressure engine, the combination of two cylinders located one beyond the other with their axes on a common center line, a piston and piston-rod in one cylinder, a piston and piston-rod in the other cylinder, a system of oscillating levers forming parallel motions, connected to the piston-rods and adapted to constrain the piston-rods of the two cylinders to move in straight lines and in relatively opposite directions, a driving-shaft, a crank thereon, and a main rod connecting the oscillating-lever system with the crank.

2. In a fluid-pressure engine, the combination of two cylinders located one beyond the other with their axes on a common center line, a piston and piston-rod in one cylinder, a piston and a pair of piston-rods in the other cylinder, a system of oscillating levers comprising a primary lever articulated, at one 3. In a fluid-pressure engine, the combination of two cylinders located one beyond the other with their axes on a common center line, a piston and piston-rod in one cylinder, a piston and a pair of piston-rods in the other cylinder, a primary lever articulated at one end to the piston-rod of one cylinder, a radial link coupled to said primary lever and to a fixed pivot, a pair of primary levers articulated at one end to the piston-rods of the other cylinder, radial links coupled to said primary levers and to a fixed pivot, secondary levers, articulated to the primary levers, and journaled centrally in fixed bearings, a driving shaft, a crank thereon, and a main rod connecting the oscillating-lever system with the crank.

MATTHIAS N. FORNEY.

Witnesses:

H. W. NroHoLs, MARY E. OMALLEY. 

